Convert between denary and unsigned binary with variable bit widths.

Represent fractional values using a fixed binary point position.

Explore signed integer representation and learn to negate values in binary.

Toggle mantissa and exponent bits to explore floating point representation, normalisation, and rounding errors.

Explore binary addition and multiplication.

Apply bitwise operations and shifts with live 8-bit value, mask, and result views.

Explore the full ASCII table with colour-coded character ranges, binary and hex codes, and the history behind control characters like BEL, CR, and ESC.

Type text to instantly build a Huffman tree, update character codes live, and compare compressed size against 8-bit ASCII.

Enter symbols to instantly see runs grouped into (symbol, count) pairs, with live size change and run breakdown.

Type text to watch a dictionary build in real time, with live token replacement, encoded output, and size estimates.

Build pixel grids and explore how colour depth and resolution affect file size.

Build simple images from geometric objects and see how a vector image is stored as a list of properties.

Visualise how sampling rate and sample resolution affect the digital representation of a sound wave, including the Nyquist theorem and file size calculations.

Explore how music is represented with MIDI event messages and why MIDI files can be compact compared with digitised sound.